The documents you need depend on the bank and the account type, but most require an ID, proof of address, and your Social Security number

Every bank has its own list, but the core set is almost always the same: a government-issued photo ID, something showing your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Some banks add a second form of ID or ask for employment information. A few will let you open an account with just a phone call or video chat; most still want you in person or to mail documents in.

The fastest way to know what a specific bank needs is to call their customer service line or check their website before you go to a branch. Many banks list their requirements online, and calling ahead saves you a wasted trip if you are missing something.

Key Takeaways

  • A valid government-issued photo ID (driver's license, passport, or state ID card) is required by every bank.
  • Proof of address must be recent—usually dated within the last 60 to 90 days—and can be a utility bill, lease, or bank statement.
  • Your Social Security number or ITIN is standard; some banks will ask for it before you arrive so they can run a background check.
  • A second form of ID or employment verification may be required depending on the bank and account type.
  • Online banks often have lower document requirements and can complete the process entirely by phone or video without a branch visit.

Primary ID: What counts and what does not

A government-issued photo ID is non-negotiable. This means a driver's license, state ID card, passport, or military ID. Some banks also accept a tribal ID or passport card. What does not count: a school ID, work badge, library card, or expired ID. The ID must be current or expired no more than a few years—banks vary on how much leeway they give, but expired by more than five years is usually rejected.

If you do not have a driver's license or state ID, a passport is your best option. If you have neither and cannot get one quickly, ask the bank directly whether they accept other forms. Some will work with you if you bring a second document that shows your photo and name together, though this is rare. Bring the original ID to a branch; online banks will ask you to upload a photo or provide the ID number.

Proof of address: Timing and acceptable documents

Banks need to confirm where you live. The document must be dated within the last 60 to 90 days—the exact window varies by bank. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, internet), lease agreement, mortgage statement, or recent bank statement all work. Some banks accept a government notice, tax return, or insurance bill. A few will take a letter from your landlord or employer on letterhead if it includes your name and address.

What does not work: a credit card statement (too easy to forge), a cell phone bill (many banks reject it), or a document with a PO box instead of a street address. If you are homeless or do not have a recent bill in your name, call the bank before you go. Some have workarounds—they may accept a letter from a shelter, a social services agency, or a trusted contact who can vouch for your address. Bring the original or a copy, depending on whether you are applying in person or online.

Social Security number or ITIN

Banks are required by federal law to collect this. You will need to provide your nine-digit Social Security number (SSN) or, if you do not have one, your Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). The bank will use this to run a background check through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services, which are databases that track banking history and fraud. This check is routine and does not affect your credit score.

If you do not have an SSN or ITIN yet, you cannot open a traditional bank account. You may be able to open a second-chance account or a basic savings account at some banks, but these are rare and come with restrictions. Contact the bank directly to ask what options exist for someone without an SSN. Have your number ready when you apply, whether in person or online.

Secondary ID and employment information

Some banks ask for a second form of ID to reduce fraud. This can be another government ID, a passport, a military ID, or sometimes a work badge. Others ask for employment information—your employer's name, your job title, and how long you have worked there. A few banks want a recent pay stub or employment letter.

These requirements are less universal than the primary ID and address proof. If a bank asks for something you do not have, ask whether an alternative is acceptable. For example, if they want a pay stub and you are self-employed, a tax return or business license may work instead. Call ahead to confirm what the bank will take before you gather documents.

What online banks require instead

Online banks typically have lower document requirements because they verify you through video chat or by matching information against databases. Many ask only for your ID number (driver's license or passport number), your address, and your SSN—no physical documents needed. Some will let you upload a photo of your ID using your phone camera rather than mailing it in.

The trade-off is that online banks cannot verify your address as easily, so some ask additional questions about your history or run a more thorough background check. The process is usually faster than a branch visit—often completed in minutes—but you will not have a physical debit card for a few days after opening the account. Online banks are a good option if you do not have all the documents a traditional bank requires.

What happens if you do not have all the documents

If you are missing one document, call the bank before you go. Many have workarounds. If you do not have a recent proof of address, some will accept an older bill plus a recent statement from another bank. If your ID is expired, some banks will take it anyway if it is not too old. If you do not have a second form of ID, many banks will skip that requirement if your primary ID is solid.

If you cannot get the documents you need, consider an online bank first—they often have more flexibility. If that does not work, look for a credit union in your area; some are more willing to work with people who have incomplete documentation. As a last resort, some banks offer second-chance accounts for people with banking history issues, though these come with fees and restrictions. Do not assume you cannot open an account until you have asked the bank directly.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open an account with an expired ID?

Most banks will accept an ID expired by a few years, but not one expired by more than five or six years. Call your bank first to ask. If your ID is too old, a passport or passport card is usually accepted as an alternative.

Do I need to bring original documents or can I send copies?

In person at a branch, you will need originals so the bank can verify them. For online accounts or by mail, you typically upload or mail copies. The bank will verify them against government databases or ask you to confirm details over the phone.

What if I do not have a Social Security number?

You cannot open a standard bank account without an SSN or ITIN. Contact the bank to ask whether they offer alternatives like a second-chance account. Some credit unions or community banks may have options, though these usually come with higher fees.

Can my landlord's letter count as proof of address?

Some banks accept a landlord letter on letterhead that includes your name and address, but most prefer a utility bill or lease. Call ahead to ask whether the bank will take a letter, and ask what format they need—some want it notarized.

How long does it take to open an account once I have the documents?

In person at a branch, you can usually open an account in 15 to 30 minutes. Online, it often takes minutes to hours. By mail, it can take one to two weeks. Your debit card will arrive separately, usually within five to seven business days.