Yes, you can open a bank account without a Social Security number, but the process and your options depend on your immigration status and the bank you choose.
Most banks will open an account for you using an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) instead of a Social Security number. An ITIN is a nine-digit number the IRS issues to people who need to file taxes but don't have a Social Security number—including many non-citizens, undocumented immigrants, and visa holders. Some banks also accept a passport or other government-issued ID in place of a Social Security number.
The catch is that not every bank offers this option, and the ones that do may have different requirements or restrictions. Some will require an ITIN specifically. Others may ask for additional documentation to verify your identity and address. A few large national banks have stopped offering accounts to people without a Social Security number, while smaller banks and credit unions are more likely to work with you.
Key Takeaways
- An ITIN from the IRS can replace a Social Security number when opening a bank account at most institutions.
- Credit unions and smaller regional banks are more likely to open accounts without a Social Security number than large national chains.
- You will need to bring a government-issued ID (passport, visa, or state ID) and proof of your current address, such as a utility bill or lease.
- Some banks may place limits on the account—such as lower withdrawal limits or restrictions on wire transfers—if you don't have a Social Security number.
- If you have an ITIN, you can also open accounts at banks that specifically market accounts to immigrants and non-citizens.
What an ITIN is and how to get one
An ITIN is issued by the Internal Revenue Service to anyone who needs to file a U.S. tax return but doesn't have a Social Security number. You don't need to be a citizen or have legal immigration status to get one. The IRS issues ITINs to visa holders, undocumented immigrants, and other non-citizens who have income in the United States.
To get an ITIN, you file Form W-7 with the IRS. You can mail it in or submit it in person at an IRS office or an authorized acceptance agent (usually a tax preparation service or nonprofit organization). The process takes several weeks by mail, sometimes longer. Once you have an ITIN, you can use it on tax returns, to open bank accounts, and for other financial purposes.
If you don't yet have an ITIN, you can still open a bank account at some institutions—they may accept your passport or other ID instead. But having an ITIN makes the process simpler and gives you more options.
Which banks will open accounts without a Social Security number
Credit unions are your most reliable option. Most credit unions will open accounts for people with an ITIN or a passport, and many don't require a Social Security number at all. You typically need to live or work in the credit union's service area to join, but that area is often broader than you'd expect. Some credit unions specifically serve immigrants and have staff who speak multiple languages.
Smaller regional and community banks are also more likely to work with you than national chains. Banks like Banco Popular, BBVA USA, and Prosperity Bank have long histories of serving customers without Social Security numbers. Some online banks, including Wise (formerly TransferWise) and Revolut, also offer accounts to non-citizens, though their requirements vary by state.
Large national banks like Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo have largely stopped opening accounts without a Social Security number, though policies can change and vary by branch. If you call ahead and ask, you may find a branch that will work with you—but don't count on it.
Documents you'll need to bring
Regardless of which bank you choose, you'll need to prove your identity and your current address. Bring a government-issued photo ID—a passport, visa, state ID, or driver's license. If your ID doesn't show your current address, bring a second document that does: a utility bill, lease agreement, bank statement, or government mail with your name and address.
If you have an ITIN, bring the letter from the IRS that confirms it. Some banks will ask to see this letter; others will just ask you to provide the number. If you don't have an ITIN yet, tell the bank upfront—they can tell you whether they'll open an account for you using just your passport or ID.
Bring cash or a debit card if you plan to make an initial deposit. Some banks require a minimum opening deposit, though many have lowered or eliminated this requirement in recent years.
Restrictions and limits on accounts without a Social Security number
Some banks place limits on accounts opened without a Social Security number. You might face a lower daily withdrawal limit, restrictions on wire transfers, or a cap on the number of transactions per month. These limits are usually temporary—once you provide a Social Security number later, they may be lifted.
A few banks will freeze or close your account if you don't provide a Social Security number within a certain timeframe, usually 30 to 90 days. This is rare, but it happens. When you open the account, ask the bank directly whether there's a deadline to provide a Social Security number and what happens if you don't.
You should also ask whether the bank reports account activity to the IRS. Most banks do, which is normal and legal—but it's worth confirming so you understand what information is being shared.
Opening an account in person versus online
Opening an account in person at a branch is usually easier if you don't have a Social Security number. The bank employee can see your documents, answer questions about what you need, and process your application on the spot. You'll know immediately whether you're approved.
Online applications are faster if the bank accepts them, but they're harder without a Social Security number. Most online banks require one as part of their automated verification process. If you try to open an account online and the system rejects you because you don't have a Social Security number, call the bank's customer service line—they may be able to process your application over the phone or direct you to a branch.
What happens after you open the account
Once your account is open, you can use it like any other bank account: deposit checks, receive direct deposits, pay bills, and transfer money. If the bank placed restrictions on your account, ask when and how those restrictions will be lifted. Some banks lift them automatically after a certain period; others require you to call and request it.
If you later get a Social Security number, contact your bank and provide it. This will remove any remaining restrictions and make your account fully functional. You don't need to close the account and open a new one.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I open a bank account with just a passport and no ITIN?
Yes, some banks and credit unions will open an account using only a passport as proof of identity. Call ahead to confirm the bank accepts this, and bring a second document showing your current address, such as a utility bill or lease.
Will the bank report me to immigration if I open an account without a Social Security number?
No. Banks are required to verify your identity and report certain financial activities to the IRS for tax purposes, but they are not immigration enforcement agencies and do not report account holders to immigration authorities based on immigration status.
What's the difference between an ITIN and a Social Security number for banking purposes?
For opening a bank account, they serve the same function—both are nine-digit numbers used to identify you to the bank and the IRS. The main difference is that an ITIN doesn't may have access to you to work or benefits, while a Social Security number does. Banks treat them the same way.
If I open an account without a Social Security number, can I get a debit card?
Yes, most banks will issue a debit card even if you opened the account with an ITIN or passport. Some banks may delay issuing the card until you provide a Social Security number, but this is uncommon. Ask when you open the account.
Can I open a joint account if one person doesn't have a Social Security number?
Yes, but both account holders will need to provide identification. The person without a Social Security number can use an ITIN or passport. The bank will verify both people's identities before opening the account.