The bare minimum to open an account

Most banks require three things: a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and an initial deposit (usually $25 to $100, though some accounts have none). That's it. You do not need perfect credit, a job, or a Social Security number if you're not a U.S. citizen—many banks offer accounts to people with an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) instead.

The ID must be current and show your face. A driver's license, passport, or state ID card all work. The address proof can be a utility bill, lease, mortgage statement, or government mail dated within the last 60 days. If you don't have a permanent address, some banks will accept a shelter letter or mail sent to a friend's address where you receive it.

The deposit amount varies by bank and account type. Checking accounts often start at $25; savings accounts may ask for $100 or more. Some online banks have zero minimum. If you're short on cash, call ahead and ask—many banks waive the minimum for customers under 18 or over 62, or during promotional periods.

Key Takeaways

  • You need a current photo ID, proof of address from the last 60 days, and an opening deposit (usually $25 to $100, though some banks require none).
  • If you don't have a Social Security number, an ITIN works at most major banks and credit unions.
  • If you lack a permanent address, a shelter letter or mail sent to a friend's address where you actually receive it can serve as proof.
  • Bring originals or certified copies of documents—banks will not accept photos of your ID or bills.
  • Opening an account takes 15 to 30 minutes in person or 10 to 20 minutes online, and you can start using it the same day.

What counts as proof of address

Banks want to see a document with your name and current address printed on it, dated within the last 60 days. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, internet) is the most common choice. A lease or mortgage statement works. So does a bank or credit card statement, insurance bill, or government letter (tax notice, voter registration, benefits statement).

The document must be an original or certified copy—a photo of your bill on your phone will not work. If you're moving and your new address isn't on any bills yet, ask your landlord or property manager for a signed letter on letterhead stating your name, the address, and the move-in date. Some banks accept this in place of a utility bill.

If you're unhoused or living temporarily with someone, bring a letter from a shelter, transitional housing program, or the person whose address you're using. The letter should state your name, the address, and how long you've been there. Some banks also accept mail from a government agency (like a benefits office) sent to a friend's address, as long as you can show you receive mail there.

Documents to bring in person

Walk into the branch with originals or certified copies of your ID and address proof. Bring your Social Security number or ITIN written down—you'll need to provide it, but the bank will verify it against government records, so you don't need the card itself. If you have a job, bring a recent pay stub or an employment letter; this is optional but speeds up approval for some account types.

Bring a small initial deposit in cash, check, or debit card. If you're opening a joint account with someone else, that person must be present with their own ID and address proof. If you're opening an account for a minor, bring the child's birth certificate and your ID as the parent or guardian.

Leave at home: your Social Security card (you don't need it), multiple copies of the same document (one is enough), or anything that's not an original or certified copy. Banks will not accept photocopies you made yourself, photos on your phone, or faxes.

Opening an account online versus in person

Online accounts are faster—you can finish in 10 to 20 minutes from your computer or phone. You'll upload photos of your ID and address proof, enter your Social Security number or ITIN, and set up login credentials. The bank verifies your documents electronically and usually approves you the same day. You can start using the account (transferring money, setting up direct deposit) immediately, though the debit card arrives by mail in 5 to 10 business days.

In-person accounts take 15 to 30 minutes but give you a chance to ask questions and sometimes get a debit card on the spot. A banker can also help you choose between account types and explain fees. If you're uncomfortable with technology or need someone to walk you through the process, in-person is the better choice.

Some banks require you to open in person if you don't have a U.S. address or if you're opening a joint account. Call your bank's customer service line to ask which method works for your situation before you show up.

Age requirements and accounts for minors

You must be at least 18 to open an account in your own name at most banks. If you're under 18, a parent or legal guardian opens a custodial account in your name—they have access to the account and can see all transactions, but it's legally yours. Once you turn 18, you can convert it to a regular account or open a new one.

Some banks offer teen checking accounts designed for ages 13 to 17, with parental controls and lower or no fees. These work the same way as custodial accounts but come with features like spending limits or notifications when money is spent. Ask your bank whether they offer this option.

If you're opening an account for a minor, bring the child's birth certificate, your ID as the parent or guardian, and proof of your address. Some banks also ask for the child's Social Security number.

What happens if you don't have an ID

If you've lost your ID or never had one, you can get a state ID card from your local DMV or equivalent agency—it costs $10 to $30 and takes 1 to 3 weeks. In the meantime, some banks will open an account with a passport, military ID, tribal ID, or consular ID from your home country. Call ahead to ask what alternative documents your bank accepts.

If you're undocumented, you can still open an account using an ITIN and a passport or consular ID. Many large banks (Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo) and most credit unions accept this combination. Smaller regional banks vary—call first. You'll need the same address proof as anyone else.

If you have no ID at all and cannot get one quickly, credit unions are often more flexible than banks. Some will open an account with two forms of non-photo ID (like a utility bill and a lease) plus a reference from an existing customer. Ask your local credit union what they require.

Fees and account types to know about

Most checking accounts have no monthly fee, but some charge $5 to $15 if you don't maintain a minimum balance (usually $500 to $1,500). Savings accounts often have no fee but pay very little interest—typically 0.01% to 0.05% annually, though online banks sometimes offer higher rates. Ask the banker or check the bank's website for the fee schedule before you open.

Some accounts charge overdraft fees ($25 to $35 per transaction) if you spend more than you have. Others charge ATM fees if you use machines outside the bank's network. A few banks offer "no overdraft fee" checking, which simply declines the transaction instead of charging you. Read the fee disclosure document the bank gives you—it lists every charge.

If you're on a tight budget, online banks and credit unions tend to have lower fees than large national banks. Compare a few options before you decide. The account that's free for your friend might charge you fees based on your balance or how you use it.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I open a bank account without a Social Security number?

Yes. If you have an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number), most major banks and credit unions will open an account for you. You'll need the same ID and address proof as anyone else. Some banks ask for an ITIN specifically; others accept it as an alternative to a Social Security number. Call ahead to confirm.

What if I don't have a permanent address?

Bring a letter from a shelter, transitional housing program, or the person whose address you're using. The letter should state your name, the address, and how long you've been there. Some banks also accept mail from a government agency sent to a friend's address where you receive it. Call your bank first to ask what they accept.

How long does it take to open an account?

Online accounts take 10 to 20 minutes and are usually approved the same day. In-person accounts take 15 to 30 minutes, and you can use the account immediately. Your debit card arrives by mail in 5 to 10 business days either way.

Do I need a job to open a bank account?

No. Banks do not require proof of employment. A job and a pay stub can speed up approval for some account types, but they're optional. You only need an ID, address proof, and an opening deposit.

What if the bank rejects my address proof?

Ask the banker which documents they do accept—requirements vary by bank. If your utility bill is too old, bring a lease, mortgage statement, or government letter instead. If you're unhoused, a shelter letter or signed letter from a landlord usually works. If the bank still says no, try a credit union or a different bank.