Documents and information you'll need before you walk in
Most banks and credit unions ask for a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). That covers the legal requirements. Some institutions also ask for an initial deposit—anywhere from $0 to $300 depending on the bank—though many now offer accounts with no minimum.
Bring the ID and address proof with you, whether you're opening the account in person or online. For address proof, a recent utility bill, lease agreement, or government mail works. If you're opening online, you'll photograph or upload these documents. If you're in a branch, you'll show the originals.
Have your Social Security number or ITIN memorized or written down. If you don't have either, you can still open an account at some banks and credit unions—they'll use an alternative verification method, though your options narrow and some features (like online bill pay) may not be available immediately.
Key Takeaways
- You need a government photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or ITIN—these are the standard requirements across most banks and credit unions.
- An initial deposit is often required but varies by institution; many banks now offer checking accounts with zero minimum opening deposit.
- Online account opening is faster than in-branch and requires you to photograph your documents, but some banks still require an in-person visit to verify your identity.
- If you don't have a Social Security number, some banks and credit unions will open an account using an ITIN or alternative ID, though features may be limited at first.
- Bring or have ready your contact information, employment details, and any existing account numbers if you're transferring money from another bank.
What counts as proof of address
Banks accept a narrow list of documents to confirm where you live. A utility bill (electric, gas, water, internet) dated within the last 60 days is the most common. A lease or rental agreement works if it's current and has your name on it. Government mail—a tax return, voter registration card, or DMV notice—also counts.
What doesn't work: a piece of mail addressed to you at a friend's house, a bank statement from another institution, or a cell phone bill. The document has to show your name and your actual street address. If you're homeless or living in a shelter, some banks have alternative processes; call ahead and ask whether they can use a shelter address or a mail forwarding service.
Initial deposit requirements vary by bank
The amount you need to deposit when you open the account depends on which bank or credit union you choose. Large national banks like Chase, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo have traditionally required $25 to $300 to open a checking account, though many have dropped minimums in recent years. Credit unions often have lower or no minimums. Online banks like Ally, Charles Schwab, and Chime typically require $0.
Ask the bank directly what their current minimum is before you go in or start the online process. Minimums change, and different account types at the same bank can have different requirements. If you don't have the deposit amount on hand, you can often transfer money from another account after opening, though some banks require the deposit to happen at the time you sign up.
Opening an account online versus in person
Online account opening is faster—usually 5 to 10 minutes—and you can do it from home. You'll photograph your ID and address proof using your phone or computer, enter your personal information, and choose your account type. The bank verifies your documents electronically and sends you a confirmation email within hours or a day.
In-person opening takes longer but gives you a chance to ask questions and understand the account features before you commit. A banker will review your documents, run a background check (most banks use ChexSystems or Early Warning Services to check your banking history), and set up your account on the spot. You'll leave with a debit card or a temporary card number.
Some banks require an in-person visit even if you start online—they'll ask you to come to a branch within a set time to verify your identity in front of a teller. This is less common now but still happens at some large banks. Check the bank's website or call before you start the online process if you want to avoid a branch visit.
Background checks and banking history
Most banks run a check through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services when you open an account. These services track banking history—specifically, whether you've had accounts closed due to overdrafts, fraud, or other problems. A check doesn't hurt your credit score. If you've had trouble with a bank account in the past, the bank may still open an account for you, but they might restrict certain features or require a larger deposit.
If you've been denied an account because of ChexSystems, you can request a copy of your report for free. Go to chexsystems.com or earlywarning.com and follow the dispute process if information is wrong. Some banks specialize in second-chance accounts for people with banking history issues; they charge higher fees but will work with you.
What to do if you don't have a Social Security number
If you have an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) issued by the IRS, most banks will accept it in place of a Social Security number. Bring the same documents you'd normally bring, plus your ITIN documentation.
If you have neither a Social Security number nor an ITIN, some banks and credit unions will still open an account using your passport or other government ID plus additional verification steps. Call the bank first to confirm they can do this and what documents they'll need. Online banking features may not be available right away; the bank may require you to visit a branch in person or wait for additional verification before you can set up bill pay or transfers.
Setting up direct deposit and transfers
Once your account is open, you can set up direct deposit so your paycheck goes straight into the account. You'll need your routing number and account number, which the bank gives you when you open the account. Give these to your employer's payroll department, and the deposit usually starts within one or two pay periods.
If you're transferring money from another bank, you can do this online through your new bank's website or app. You'll enter the other bank's routing number and your old account number, and the transfer usually takes one to three business days. Some banks offer faster transfers or same-day transfers for an extra fee.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I open a checking account if I've been denied before?
Yes. If you were denied because of ChexSystems, you can dispute the information or look for a second-chance account at a bank that specializes in them. If you were denied for other reasons—no ID, no address, or insufficient funds—those issues may be resolved now. Call the bank and ask what changed or what you can do differently.
Do I need to open an account in person, or can I do it entirely online?
Most banks let you open online, but some require at least one in-person visit to verify your identity. Online banks typically don't require any branch visit. Check the bank's website before you start; if they require a visit, they'll tell you during the online process.
What if I don't have a current address or I'm homeless?
Some banks will use a shelter address, a mail forwarding service address, or a trusted contact's address if you explain your situation. Call the bank's customer service line and ask about their policy before you try to open an account. Credit unions are sometimes more flexible than large banks on this.
How long does it take to get a debit card after I open the account?
If you open in person, you may leave with a temporary card number you can use immediately online or over the phone. A physical debit card usually arrives by mail within 7 to 10 business days. Online account openings typically send the card by mail; some banks offer expedited shipping for a fee.
Will opening a checking account hurt my credit score?
No. Banks check your banking history through ChexSystems or Early Warning Services, not your credit report. Opening a checking account does not affect your credit score.