What you need to open a checking account
To open a checking account, you will need a government-issued photo ID, proof of your current address, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). Most banks and credit unions also ask for an initial deposit, though the amount varies—some require $25, others $100 or more, and some have no minimum at all.
Proof of address typically means a recent utility bill, lease agreement, or government document with your name and current street address. If you don't have a Social Security number, an ITIN (issued by the IRS to people who file taxes but aren't citizens) works for most institutions. A few banks will open accounts without either, but options are limited and fees are usually higher.
If you're opening an account online, you may be able to upload photos of your documents instead of showing originals in person. Some banks use video verification—you'll hold your ID up to your camera and answer questions to confirm your identity. Others require you to visit a branch or use an ATM to deposit a check or cash before the account fully activates.
Key Takeaways
- You need a photo ID, proof of your address, and a Social Security number or ITIN to open a checking account at most banks and credit unions.
- Initial deposit requirements range from zero to several hundred dollars depending on the bank; some accounts have no minimum at all.
- You can open an account in person at a branch, by phone with a representative, or online through the bank's website.
- The account may not be fully active until you make your first deposit or complete identity verification, which can take a few hours to a few business days.
Opening an account in person at a branch
Walk into any branch of a bank or credit union during business hours with your ID, proof of address, and Social Security number or ITIN. A representative will ask you to fill out an application—usually a one-page form asking for your name, address, phone number, email, and employment status. They'll verify your documents and run a check through ChexSystems, a database that tracks banking history and fraud.
The whole process typically takes 15 to 30 minutes. Before you leave, you'll receive a debit card (though it may take 7 to 10 business days to arrive by mail) and temporary access to your account number so you can set up direct deposit or transfers right away. If you bring cash or a check for your initial deposit, the representative will process it on the spot.
Opening in person is the fastest way to have a fully active account the same day. It also gives you a chance to ask questions about fees, overdraft policies, and features specific to that bank.
Opening an account online or by phone
Most banks let you start the process on their website without visiting a branch. You'll enter your personal information, upload photos of your ID and proof of address, and answer security questions. The bank will then verify your identity—some do this instantly through a database match, others send a confirmation code to your email or phone, and some require a video call with a representative.
After verification, you'll choose your account type, set up online banking login credentials, and make your initial deposit. You can transfer money from another bank account, deposit a check by photo through the mobile app, or wait for a debit card to arrive. The account is usually active within a few hours to one business day, though full access to all features may take longer.
Phone-based opening works similarly: call the bank's customer service number, provide your information verbally, and they'll walk you through each step. They may mail you documents to sign and return, or send everything electronically. This route takes longer—usually 3 to 5 business days—because of the mail time.
What happens after you open the account
Once your account is open, you'll receive online banking access immediately or within 24 hours. Log in to set up bill pay, transfer money between accounts, and monitor your balance. Your debit card will arrive by mail within 7 to 10 business days; some banks let you use a temporary digital card in your phone's wallet while you wait.
If you need checks, you can order them through the bank's website or by phone. Standard checks take 7 to 10 business days; expedited orders cost more but arrive in 2 to 3 days. Many people skip checks entirely and use online bill pay or transfers instead.
Set up direct deposit as soon as possible if your employer or a government agency sends you money. You'll need your account number and routing number, both visible on the bottom left of a check or available in your online banking dashboard. Direct deposit usually takes one to two pay periods to start.
Differences between banks and credit unions
Banks are for-profit institutions; credit unions are member-owned cooperatives. Credit unions often have lower fees, higher interest rates on savings, and more lenient policies for people with banking history problems. However, credit unions have fewer branches and ATMs, so access depends on where you live and work.
Both require the same documents to open an account. The main difference is that credit unions may ask you to join the organization first—this is usually free and takes a minute—before you can open an account. Some credit unions are open to anyone in a geographic area; others require you to work for a specific employer, belong to an organization, or have a family member who is already a member.
If you're choosing between a bank and a credit union, compare their fee schedules, minimum balances, overdraft policies, and ATM networks. A credit union with limited ATM access might cost you more in out-of-network fees than a bank with lower monthly fees.
Accounts for people without a Social Security number
If you have an ITIN, most major banks will open an account for you using the same process as anyone else. Bring your ITIN documentation (IRS Form W-7 or a tax return), your passport or consulate ID, and proof of address.
If you have neither a Social Security number nor an ITIN, options are narrower. Some credit unions and community banks will open accounts using only a passport and proof of address, though they may charge higher fees or require a larger initial deposit. Call ahead to confirm the bank's policy before visiting.
A few banks offer "second chance" checking accounts designed for people with no banking history or past problems. These accounts often have higher fees and lower ATM limits, but they're easier to open and can help you build a banking record.
What to do if your application is denied
Banks deny applications for a few reasons: a ChexSystems report showing unpaid overdrafts or fraud, a Social Security number mismatch, or an address that doesn't verify. Ask the bank which reason applies to you—they're required to tell you.
If ChexSystems is the problem, you can dispute inaccurate information on your report. Visit chexsystems.com, request your report for free, and file a dispute if something is wrong. This can take 30 to 45 days to resolve.
If the denial is because of unpaid overdrafts, pay the debt and wait. Some banks will reconsider after 6 months; others require a year. In the meantime, try a credit union, a community bank, or a second chance checking account. Once you've had an account open and in good standing for 6 to 12 months, you'll have an easier time opening accounts elsewhere.
Frequently Asked Questions
How much money do I need to open a checking account?
It depends on the bank. Some require $25 to $100 as an initial deposit; others have no minimum. Check the bank's website or call before you visit. If you don't have the minimum, try a credit union or online bank—many have lower or zero minimums.
Can I open a checking account without a Social Security number?
Yes, if you have an ITIN. Some credit unions and community banks will also open accounts using only a passport and proof of address, though fees may be higher. Call ahead to confirm the bank's policy.
How long does it take to open a checking account?
In person at a branch: 15 to 30 minutes, fully active the same day. Online: a few hours to one business day. By phone: 3 to 5 business days because of mail time. Your debit card arrives separately in 7 to 10 business days.
What if I have a ChexSystems problem?
Request your free report at chexsystems.com and dispute any errors. If the report is accurate, pay any unpaid overdrafts and wait 6 to 12 months before trying again. In the meantime, try a credit union or second chance checking account.
Do I need checks to use a checking account?
No. Most people use online bill pay, transfers, or their debit card instead. Order checks only if you need them for a specific payment—they take 7 to 10 business days to arrive.