The routing number is the nine-digit code on the bottom left of your check; your account number is the second set of digits, usually longer, printed right after it.
Every check has two key numbers printed along the bottom in magnetic ink. The routing number — always nine digits — identifies which bank or credit union issued the check. The account number — typically 10 to 12 digits, though it varies by bank — identifies your specific account at that bank. Together, they tell the receiving bank exactly where to pull the money from.
You need both numbers when you set up direct deposit, arrange automatic bill payments, or receive a refund by electronic transfer. If you're waiting for a tax refund, insurance payout, or government payment, the receiving agency will ask for these two numbers so they can deposit the money straight into your account instead of mailing a paper check.
Key Takeaways
- The routing number is the first nine digits printed at the bottom left of your check, and it identifies your bank or credit union.
- Your account number follows the routing number and is usually 10 to 12 digits long, identifying your specific account.
- Both numbers are printed in magnetic ink at the bottom of the check in a standard order: routing number, then account number, then check number.
- You can find these numbers on any check from your account, or call your bank directly if you don't have a check available.
- Never share your routing and account number with anyone except the organization you're sending money to or receiving money from.
How to read the numbers on the bottom of your check
Look at the bottom edge of any check. You'll see a series of numbers printed in a special dark ink. Read from left to right: the first group of nine digits is your routing number. Immediately after that comes your account number, which is longer. At the far right is your check number.
The routing number never changes for your bank or credit union — every check from your account will have the same routing number. Your account number also stays the same for the life of that account. The check number increments with each check you write, so it's different on every check.
If the numbers are hard to read because the check is worn or faded, or if you simply don't have a check in front of you, call your bank's customer service line. They can give you both numbers over the phone in under a minute. You can also log into your online banking account — most banks display both numbers in the account details section.
Why banks need both numbers for electronic transfers
When money moves electronically — whether it's a tax refund deposit, an insurance payout, or a bill payment you've set up — the banking system needs to know two things: which bank to send it to (the routing number) and which account at that bank (the account number). Without both, the transfer can't reach the right place.
The routing number is like the address of the bank building. The account number is like your apartment number inside that building. A refund processor or government agency uses the routing number to find your bank, then uses the account number to find your specific account once they're there. If either number is wrong, the transfer will either bounce back or go to the wrong account.
Finding your routing number if you don't have a check
Your bank's routing number is public information — it's the same for all customers at that bank in a given region. You can find it by calling your bank's main customer service number, which is usually on the back of your debit card or on your bank's website. You can also search online for "[your bank name] routing number" plus your state, and you'll find it listed on the bank's official website.
Some banks have multiple routing numbers depending on which branch you opened your account at or which state you live in. If you're setting up a direct deposit or electronic transfer, always use the routing number your bank gives you directly, not one you find online, to avoid any mismatch.
What to do if you give out the wrong number
If you've already provided an incorrect routing or account number to someone — a refund processor, an employer setting up direct deposit, or a bill payment service — contact that organization right away and give them the correct numbers. They can usually update the information in their system before the transfer is attempted.
If a transfer has already been sent to the wrong account, the receiving bank will typically reject it and send it back to the sender within one to three business days. The sender can then resubmit with the correct numbers. If the money somehow lands in the wrong account and is not returned automatically, contact your bank's fraud department and the sending organization — they can work together to recover it, though this process takes longer.
Keeping your routing and account number secure
Your routing number is not sensitive — it's printed on every check you write and is public information. Your account number, however, should be treated like other financial information. Don't share it with anyone except the organization you're sending money to or receiving money from.
When you provide these numbers to set up direct deposit for a refund or paycheck, you're giving them to a trusted organization that needs them to complete a legitimate transaction. But never volunteer this information to someone who calls or emails you unsolicited, and never type it into a website unless you initiated the contact and you're certain the site is legitimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use my routing and account number instead of a debit card?
Yes. Many online retailers and bill payment services let you enter your routing and account number instead of a card number. This is called an ACH transfer. It's safe as long as you're on a legitimate website and you initiated the transaction yourself.
Do I need a check to find my account number?
No. Call your bank, log into your online account, or check your monthly statement — your account number appears in all three places. You don't need a physical check to find either number.
What if my bank has multiple routing numbers?
Some large banks have different routing numbers for different regions or account types. Always ask your bank which routing number to use for your specific account and the type of transfer you're making. Using the wrong one can delay or misdirect your payment.
Is it safe to write my routing and account number on a check?
Yes — that's exactly what checks are for. The numbers are printed in magnetic ink specifically so banks can read them automatically. Anyone who sees a check already has access to both numbers, so there's no additional security risk.
Can someone steal money using just my routing and account number?
Theoretically, yes, but it's uncommon. They would need to initiate an ACH transfer from your account, which usually requires additional verification. If you notice unauthorized transfers, contact your bank immediately — they can reverse fraudulent ACH transactions and investigate.